Mutobvu mumvura yekunwa unoisa njodzi huru pautano, kunyanya kuvana. UK yeruzhinji hutano data inobatanidza inotungamira kuratidzwa kune neurodevelopmental deficits uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro.Valve fittingsyakagadzirwa nemidziyo isina mutobvu inobatsira kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Zvigadzirwa zvakasimbiswa zvinopa mvura yakachengeteka uye zvinodzivirira vanhu vanotambura kubva kune zvinokuvadza.
Key Takeaways
- Certified lead-free valve fittings, senge idzo dzine mvumo yeWRAS, inovimbisa mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka nekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwe lead uye kusangana neUK hutano zviyero.
- Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvakadai seDZR ndarira, simbi isina tsvina, kana mapurasitiki akasimbiswa anovandudza kusimba kwevharuvhu uye inodzivirira kunaka kwemvura nekufamba kwenguva.
- Kugara uchiongorora uye kuchengetedza kwakaringana mavharuvhu ekuisa kunobatsira kudzivirira kudonha uye ngura, kuwedzera hupenyu hwehurongwa nekuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji.
Certification uye Kuchengetedzwa kweValve Fittings
WRAS Kubvumidzwa uye UK Kunwa Mvura Regulations
Mvumo yeWRAS inomira semucherechedzo wekuchengetedza uye kutevedzera muUK yekunwa mvura masisitimu. Iyo Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) inova nechokwadi chekuti mavharuvhu anokwana zvinodiwa kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji. Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zvisina chepfu uye zvakachengeteka kumvura inonwiwa, kudzivirira kusvibiswa pamatanho ese. Vagadziri vanogadzira mavharuvhu kuti varambe kuonda uye kuora, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwenguva refu. Kutevedza neUK Water Supply (Mvura Fittings) Regulations inoramba ichisungirwa kune ese kuiswa.
WRAS-yakatenderwa mavharuvhu fittings anofanirwa kusangana akati wandei akakosha maitiro:
- Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakachengeteka, zvisina chepfu zvakakodzera mvura yekunwa
- Mechanical kukodzera uye kuramba kune ngura
- Kuyera kwakaringana kuenderana nepombi uye kuyerera zvinodiwa
- Kudzvanywa uye tembiricha zviyero zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa system
- Inoenderana mhando dzekubatanidza, senge BSP yakarukwa kana compression fittings
- Verified WRAS certification zvinyorwa zvisati zvaiswa
Mavharuvhu ekugadzirisa anosangana nezviyero izvi anobatsira kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura uye kuvimbika kwehurongwa. Iyo dhizaini uye zvigadzirwa hazvifanirwe kuita nemvura kana leach zvinokuvadza zvinhu. WRAS certification inopa vimbiso yekuti chigadzirwa hachizokanganisa kuchengetedza kwemvura kana kuvimbika.
Global Standards for Valve Fittings
Mavharuvhu ekumisikidza anoshandiswa mumasisitimu emvura yekunwa anofanirwa kazhinji kuenderana nemitemo yenyika uye yepasirese. Zvitupa zvakati wandei zvinozivikanwa pasi rose zvinovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa uye kuita mumatunhu akasiyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kiwa Water Mark (Netherlands): Certification yezvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemvura yekunwa
- NSF (North America): Certification yepombi dzemvura uye michina inobata mvura yekunwa
- WRAS (Great Britain): Certification yekutevedzera mitemo yemvura yeUK
- DVGW-W270 (Germany): Certification kusanganisira bacteriological kukura kuedza
- ACS (France): Mvumo inosungirwa yezvinhu zvinosangana nemvura yekunwa
- WaterMark (Australia neNew Zealand): Inosungirwa chitupa chepombi dzemvura uye zvigadzirwa zvemvura
| Standard Number | Tsanangudzo | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 1452-4:2009 | Plastics pombi masisitimu ekupa mvura - PVC-U - Chikamu 4: Mavharuvhu | Inovhara isina plastiki mavharuvhu ePVC anoshandiswa mumasisitimu ekupa mvura |
| ISO 1452-5:2009 | Plastic pombi masystem ekupa mvura - PVC-U - Chikamu 5: Kusimba kwechinangwa | Inovimbisa kusimba kwehurongwa hwechinangwa kusanganisira mavharuvhu |
| ISO 2531:1998 & 2009 | Ductile iron mapaipi, fittings, accessories uye majoini ekushandisa mvura | Inotsanangura zvinodiwa zve ductile iron mavharuvhu uye mafittings |
| ISO 11177:2016 & 2019 | Vitreous uye porcelain enamels - Enamelled mavharuvhu uye fittings yemvura inonwiwa | Hunhu hunodiwa uye kuyedzwa kweenamelled mavharuvhu mumvura yekupa |
Zvitupa zvepasirese zvakaita seISO, ASTM, ANSI/ASME, DIN, JIS, API, NSF, uye DVGW zvinofukidza zvakati wandei zvinodiwa. Aya mazinga anogadzirisa zviyero, zviwanikwa, kuyedzwa, kuita, uye chengetedzo. UK-chaiyo certification, zvinosanganisira British Standards (BS) uye BSI Kitemark, inotarisa pamitemo yenyika uye simbisiro yemhando. Iyo BSI Kitemark inozivikanwa muUK nekune dzimwe nyika, inotsigira European CE mamaki certification. UK zviyero zvinowanzoenderana neEuropean uye ISO zvimiro asi chengetedza zvakasarudzika zvinodiwa kune mamwe mafirisheni. Mvumo yeWRAS inosimbisa kuteerana nemirairo yekupihwa kwemvura yeUK, kuve nechokwadi kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemabhenji epasi rese uye enyika.
Chii Chiratidzo Chinoreva Hutano uye Kuteerera
Certification yevhavha fittings inoita basa rakakosha mukutevedzwa kwemutemo nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji. WRAS certification inova nechokwadi chekuti mavharuvhu haasvibise mvura inonwiwa kana kukonzera tsvina, achienderana nemitemo yekupa mvura yeUK. Vatengesi vemvura vanovimba nezvigadzirwa zvakatenderwa neWRAS kuti vadzivise zvinokonzeresa zviri pamutemo, zvakaita sefaindi kana kupomerwa. Mavharuvhu asina-certified anogona kukonzera kusvibiswa, kutadza kushanda, uye zvirango zvepamutemo.
| Aspect | Tsanangudzo |
|---|---|
| Zvinodiwa Zvemutemo | Zvigadziriso zvemvura zvinofanirwa kuenderana neMvura Fittings Regulations kudzivirira kusvibiswa, tsvina, uye kushandiswa zvisizvo kwemvura muEngland neWales. |
| Basa reChitupa | WRAS certification inopa vimbiso yekuti mavharuvhu ekuisa anosangana neaya emutemo zviyero uye akakodzera kuiswa. |
| Enforcement | Vatengesi vemvura veku UK, vakaita seUnited Utilities, vane basa repamutemo rekuita kuti mitemo iyi itevedzerwe nekuongorora kuiswa kwepombi dzemvura uye nekupa zviziviso zvekusatevedzera. |
| Migumisiro Yekusateerera | Kutyora mirau imhosva inogona kutungamira mukumhan'arirwa, kuteedzera zviito zvinosanganisira kubviswa kwemvura, uye zvirango zvepamutemo. |
| Tsigiro yekutevedzera | Certification inobatsira vapei vemvura kuti vaone kutevedza kwemidziyo, kufambisa ongororo uye zviito zvekusimbisa kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji. |
WRAS isangano rekubvumidzwa rinoumbwa nevashambadziri vemvura vekuUK. Vanosimudzira kutevedzerwa kweMvura Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations. Kushandisa WRAS-inobvumirwa valve fittings ndiyo nzira yakavimbika yekuratidza kutevedza uye kudzivirira njodzi dzepamutemo.
Certified valve fittings inobatsira vatengesi vemvura kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwehurongwa nekubudirira. Certification inotsigira kuongororwa uye kuteedzera, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinoteedzera chete zvinopinda mumusika. Iyi nzira inochengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji uye inosimudzira kuvimbika kweiyo UK yekunwa mvura yekunwa.
Kusarudza Lead-Yemahara, Zero-Leak Valve Fittings
Kukosha Kwezvishandiso Zvisina Kutungamira muMavhavha Fittings
Zvishandiso zvisina mutobvu zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji. Mitemo yeUK, kusanganisira iyo Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999, inoisa miyero yakasimba yezvinhu zvinosangana nemvura yekunwa. Vagadziri vanogadzira mavharuvhu ekushandisa vachishandisa alloys senge dezincification-resistant (DZR) brass, iyo inoganhura zvinotungamira kuti zvisapfuure 0.25% nehuremu panzvimbo yakanyorova. Iyi nzira inofambirana nemirairo yeUK neEuropean Union, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura yekunwa inoramba isina zvinosvibisa zvinokuvadza. DZR brass inopa kusimba uye kusagadzikana kwekuora, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzika kune inonwiwa masisitimu emvura. Simbi isina tsvina uye mapurasitiki epamusoro anopawo zvinotungamira-isina dzimwe nzira, kutsigira kutevedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu.
Zano: Gara uchisimbisa kubvumidzwa kweWRAS paunenge uchisarudza mavharuvhu ekuisa. Ichi chitupa chinosimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana neUK hutano uye chengetedzo zviyero zve lead yemukati uye yemhando yemhando.
Zvakajairika Kutungamira-Zvisina Zvishandiso Zvinoshandiswa muUK Kunwa Mvura Valve Fittings:
- Dezincification-resistant (DZR) ndarira
- Simbi isina tsvina (magiredhi 304 ne316)
- Mapurasitiki akaumbwa (akadai sePVC, PTFE, uye polyurethane)
Mhando dzeValve Fittings yekunwa Mvura Systems
Valve fittings inoshanda akasiyana mabasa mukati meUK yekunwa mvura masisitimu. Kusarudzwa kunoenderana nekushandisa, inodiwa kuyerera kwekutonga, uye kuenderana nehurongwa hwezvikamu. Hose fittings inofanirwa kuenderana nedhayamita yepombi kudzivirira kudonha uye kuchengetedza kuyerera kwemvura kwakaringana. Kuenderana kwezvinhu kunoramba kuchikosha, sezvo kuchikanganisa kuchengetedzwa uye kusimba.
| Valve Type | Tsanangudzo uye Mashandisirwo |
|---|---|
| Bhora Mavharuvhu | Spherical disc inodzora kuyerera; yakasimba nechisimbiso chakanakisa; yakanakira kune yakasimba yekuvhara-off zvinodiwa. |
| Tarisa mavharuvhu | Kudzivirira kudzokera shure; chengetedza imwe-directional kuyerera; zvakakosha pakudzivirira kusvibiswa; shanda otomatiki. |
| Mavharuvhu Anoderedza Kudzvinyirira | Kuderera kwemvura yakaderera inopinda kusvika kune yakachengeteka mazinga; chengetedza pombi dzemvura kubva pakukuvadzwa uye kubuda; chengetedza kushanda kwehurongwa. |
| Gedhi Mavharuvhu | Inoshandiswa kumisa zvachose kuyerera kwemvura; yakakodzera kugadzirisa kana kuvharwa kwekukurumidzira; chisimbiso chakasimba uye chakachengeteka. |
| Butterfly Mavharuvhu | Rongedza kuyerera nedhisiki inotenderera; yakareruka uye inodhura; inoshandiswa mumapaipi makuru-diameter; kukurumidza kuvhara. |
| Solenoid mavharuvhu | Kudzorwa nemagetsi; inoshandiswa mune otomatiki masisitimu eiyo chaiyo kuyerera kuyerera; zvakajairika mukushandiswa kwekutengesa/maindasitiri. |
Mitumbi yemavharuvhu inogona kushandisa ndarira isina lead, simbi isina tsvina, kana mapurasitiki akaumbwa. Zvisimbiso zvinowanzo ratidza NBR (Nitrile Buna Rubber) yezvinwiwa zvisina kwazvakarerekera kana EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) yekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Certified zvinhu zvakaita sePVC uye polyurethane zvinokurudzirwa kune hose uye ma couplings, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kusimba.
Material Kugarisana uye Durability
Kuenderana kwezvinhu kunokanganisa zvakananga hupenyu uye kuvimbika kweiyo valve fittings. Brass uye simbi isina tsvina inopa yakakwira mechani simba, asi kusarudzwa kwakashata kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko ekuora. Dezincification-resistant brass inodzivisa ngura uye inochengetedza simba, nepo Stainless simbi inopa yakanakisa kupikisa kunze kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira-chloride, uko gomba rinogona kuitika. Mapurasitiki akadai sePTFE anoburitsa yakanakisa makemikari kuramba uye kudzivirira kudzikisira.
Mavharuvhu ekumisikidza anoedzwa kwakasimba pasi peWRAS certification, kusanganisira ongororo yekunzwa, microbial kukura bvunzo, uye simbi yekubvisa ongororo. Iyi bvunzo inotevedzera mamiriro epasirese, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu hazvikanganise kunaka kwemvura kana kusimba kwehurongwa. OEM vanobatana vanotsigira vagadziri vane hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, vachibatsira kuchengetedza mhando yechigadzirwa mukati mehupenyu hwose.
Ongorora: Hybrid madhizaini anosanganisa simbi nemapurasitiki anokwenenzvera kusimba uye kuita. Nguva dzose funga nezve chaiyo mvura chemistry uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza paunosarudza zvinhu.
Kuisa, Maintenance, uye Kudzivirira Corrosion
Kuiswa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa nguva dzose kunowedzera hupenyu hwemavharuvhu fittings uye kudzivirira kuora. Kuongorora nguva nenguva kunobatsira kuona zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekupfeka, ngura, kana gomba. Visual cheki ye discoloration uye kuvuza kwakatenderedza zvisimbiso kunovimbisa kutendeseka kwehurongwa. Nzira dzekuchenesa dzinosanganisira kubhurasha kwemuchina, makemikari akachengeteka, uye kugezeswa nemvura kana zvinonyungudutsa.
Vashandi vanoshandisa mavhavha ekudzivirira kudzivirira mavharuvhu kubva kumamiriro ekunze akaipa. Zvidzoreso zvezvakatipoteredza zvakaita sekudzora humidity uye kupisa tembiricha zvinowedzera kuderedza njodzi yekuora. Kushandisa corrosion inhibitors-anodic, cathodic, mix, kana volatile-inodzivirira mavharuvhu panguva yekuchengetedza uye kushanda. Kurapa kwepamusoro senge epoxy, PTFE, polyamide, uye polyurethane coatings inosimudzira kusaita ngura.
- Kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekuora, kupera, uye kubuda
- Kuchenesa nekutsvaira kubvisa madhipoziti
- Kushandiswa kwezvivharo zvekudzivirira uye kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza
- Kushandiswa kwe corrosion inhibitors uye pamusoro pekuvhara
Ngozi yeCorrosion inowedzera nekuderera kwemazinga ekuyerera, izvo zvinoita kuti solids igadzikane uye kugadzira mitswe. Kuyerera kwepamusoro kunogona kutungamirira mukukukurwa uye cavitation. Ceramic linings uye polyurethane coatings inovandudza kuramba kune izvi mhedzisiro. Kuchengetedza kuchengetedza uye mamiriro ekutarisa anoramba akakosha pakuwedzera vharafu uye hupenyu hwepombi mumasisitimu emvura yekunwa.
Certified, lead-free, zero-leak valve fittings inodzivirira hutano hweveruzhinji, inotsigira kuchengetedza mvura, uye kuendesa kukosha kwenguva refu.
| Benefit | Impact |
|---|---|
| Kugara kwenguva refu | Kuedza kwakawanda kunovimbisa kushanda kwakavimbika uye kuchengetedza mvura. |
| Kuchengetedza Mvura | Zvinhu zvisina muchetura, zvinodzivirira kuora zvinodzivirira njodzi yekusvibiswa. |
| Customer Confidence | Certification inovaka kuvimba nevanopa mvura uye kutendeseka kwehurongwa. |
FAQ
Ko kubvumidzwa kweWRAS kunorevei kune mavharuvhu ekuisa?
Mvumo yeWRAS inosimbisa kuti zvigadziriso zvevharuvhu zvinosangana neUK kuchengetedza mvura. Ivo vanoshandisa zvisiri-chepfu zvinhu uye vanopinda mukuyedzwa kwakasimba. Vatengesi vemvura vanovimba neWRAS-yakasimbiswa zvigadzirwa zvekuteedzera.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa WRAS certification usati waiswa.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinovimbisa lead-isina valve fittings?
Vagadziri vanoshandisa DZR ndarira, simbi isina tsvina, uye mapurasitiki akasimbiswa. Zvinhu izvi zvinoramba kuora uye hazvibvisi zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Vanotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwenguva refu.
- DZR ndarira
- Simbi isina ngura
- PVC uye PTFE mapurasitiki
Vafambisi vanofanira kuongorora mavharuvhu kangani?
Vashandi vanofanira kuongorora mavharuvhu mumwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Kugara uchitarisa kunobatsira kuona kubuda kwemvura, ngura, uye kupera. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kunodzivirira kusvibiswa uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwehurongwa.
| Inspection Frequency | Recommended Action |
|---|---|
| Mwedzi mitanhatu yese | Cheki yekuona kuti yabuda |
| Gore negore | Kuchenesa uye kuedza kushanda |
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-13-2025