Zvishandiso zveSimbi Isina Zvisimbiso: Mhando, Mashandisirwo uye Mabhenefiti Akakosha

Nhanganyaya

Zvishandiso zvepombi zvinowanzoona kana sisitimu yepombi ichiramba yakavimbika kana paine kumanikidzwa, kuchinja-chinja kwekushisa, uye mamiriro ekuora. Zvishandiso zvesimbi isina ngura zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti zvinosanganisa simba remuchina nekuramba kwenguva refu kuoxidation, makemikari, uye kusvibiswa kwakabatana nehutsanana. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mhando huru dzekuisa, kwadzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye nei kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kuchikosha mumaindasitiri, mabhizinesi, uye muhutsanana. Chinosimbisawo mabhenefiti anoshanda akadai sekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura, kugara kwenguva refu, kucheneswa, uye kudzikira kwekuchengetedza, zvichibatsira vaverengi kunzwisisa kuti kuisa kwakakodzera kunotsigira sei masisitimu ekubata mvura akachengeteka uye anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Sei zvigadziko zvemapaipi esimbi isina ngura zvichikosha mumaindasitiri

Mune chero sisitimu yekubata mvura yemumaindasitiri, kufamba kwakatwasuka kwepombi hakuwanzo kukonzera misoro yakanyanya. Dambudziko guru riri pamajoini, kutenderera, uye matavi. Zvishandiso zvepombi yesimbi isina ngura zvinoshanda senhengo dzakakosha dzekubatanidza mune izvi, zvichibatanidza zvese pamwe chete uku zvichigadzirisa kufamba kwemvura, kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa, uye kushushikana kwechimiro. Pakubata nemakemikari anotyisa, tembiricha yakanyanya, kana zvinodiwa zvekuchena kwakanyanya, simbi yakajairwa yekabhoni kana purasitiki hazvizoicheke.

Mainjiniya nevagadziri vemasystem vanovimba zvakanyanya nesimbi isingatsvedzeri nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kunogoneka. Kunyangwe sisitimu ichishanda pa150 PSI yakajairwa kana kupfuura 6,000 PSI mumutsara we hydraulic une simba rakawanda, fitting chaiyo yesimbi isingatsvedzeri inoita kuti sisitimu irambe yakavharwa uye yakachengeteka. Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita zvikamu izvi padanho re granular ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekuvaka zvivakwa zvepombi zvinogara makumi emakore kwete mwedzi.

Mhedzisiro panjodzi yekuora

Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti simbi isingatsvi iratidzwe kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzakachipa ndechekuti inodzivisa oxidation uye makemikari. Kudzivirira uku kunobva paganda re chromium oxide rinozviporesa (rinowanzova gobvu re 1 kusvika ku 3 nanometers) rinoumbwa pamusoro pesimbi. Chero bedzi paine oxygen iripo, ganda iri rinongoerekana ragadzirwazve kana rakakwenywa kana kugadzirwa nemashini.

Zvisinei, njodzi yekuora haiwanzo kuve zero. Munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, kurwiswa kwenzvimbo dzakadai segomba kana ngura inochekwa injodzi dzinogara dziripo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine chloride yakawanda. Kuti dzidzivirire nzvimbo munzvimbo dzisina chloride, alloys dzakajairwa dzinosangana nekuora kuri pasi pe 0.002 inches pagore. Asi kana uchibata nemvura ine brackish kana chemical processing, mainjiniya anowanzo tarisa Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN). PREN inodarika 23 inowanzo dikanwa kuderedza njodzi yekuora mukushandiswa kwemvura kana high-chloride, zvichiratidza giredhi chaiyo yealloy inodiwa pakubatanidza.

Maindasitiri anovimba navo

Masangano akasiyana anoda zvigadziko zvesimbi isingatsvi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvachose. Mumaindasitiri ezvekudya, zvinwiwa, uye mishonga, hutsanana ndihwo hunonyanya kukosha. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoda zvigadziko zvehutsanana zvine mativi emukati akakwenenzverwa—kazhinji kacho zvine avhareji yeroughness (Ra) iri pasi pe 0.8 micrometers—kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya uye kubvumira maitiro eClean-in-Place (CIP).

Kusiyana neizvi, zvikamu zvekugadzira petrochemical, oiri negasi, uye magetsi zvinoshandisa simbi isingatsvedzeri kuti iwane simba rayo remakanika pakupisa kwakanyanya. Fekitori inogona kushandisa zvigadziko zvesimbi zvisingatsvedzeri (Schedule 160) kuti ishande pakugadzirisa hydrocarbon pa800°F uye kumanikidzwa kunodarika 3,000 PSI, nepo nzvimbo yeLNG inocherwa ne cryogenic ichishandisa chinhu chimwe chete nekuti simbi isingatsvedzeri inoramba yakasimba (inowanzo chengetedza simba remagetsi rinopfuura 40 Joules) uye haitsvedzeri pa -320°F. Zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa mvura nekubvisa munyu zvinoshandisawo huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadziko izvi kurwisa hunhu hwe reverse osmosis processes, iyo inowanzo shanda pakati pe800 ne1,200 PSI.

Mhando dzemidziyo yesimbi isina ngura

Zvishandiso zvemapaipi esimbi isina ngura hazvisi zvinhu zvemhando imwe chete. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuti zviite mabasa chaiwo ejometri uye emakanika mukati mehurongwa hwemapaipi. Saizi inogona kusiyana kubva kune zvishandiso zvidiki zve 1/8-inch kusvika kune zvinhu zvikuru zve 24-inch kana zvakakura zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri makuru.

Kuisa zvinhu izvi mumapoka kunowanzoenderana nezvinhu zviviri zvikuru: kuti chinhu ichi chinoita sei pakuyerera kwemvura, uye kuti chinobatana sei nepaipi iri pedyo. Kusanganisa rudzi rwekubatanidza rusina kunaka kana geometry kunogona kutungamira kumiganhu yekuyerera kwemvura, kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi, kana kudonha kwemvura kwakanyanya.

Zvishandiso zvekuchinja nzira, matavi, uye kuderedza

Zvinhu zvinochinja divi, zvinobvisa matavi, kana kuchinja saizi yepombi ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvinhu zvepombi. Magokora ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa, anowanzo kuwanikwa mumakona e45-degree ne90-degree, zvichibvumira mapaipi kufamba-famba achitenderedza zvipingamupinyi zvechivako. Magokora marefu eradius (apo radius yepakati iri 1.5 kanopfuura saizi yepombi) anowanzo shandiswa kuderedza kuderera kwekumanikidzwa, nepo magokora mapfupi eradius (ka1.0 kanopfuura saizi yepombi) achishandiswa munzvimbo dzakamanikana.

Kana mutsetse uchida kupatsanurwa kana kusanganiswa, matinji nemachinjiko zvinoshandiswa. Matinji anopa bazi remadhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe kubva padanho guru, uye machinjiko anobvumira nzvimbo dzinosangana mativi mana, kunyangwe dzisingawanzoitiki nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakaoma dzekumanikidza dzavanogadzira. Pakupedzisira, magadzirisi anoshandura mapipi kubva padhayamita yakakura kuenda padiki. Magadzirisi anochinjika akaenzana uye anoshandiswa mumatanho akamira, nepo magadzirisi anochinjika aine divi rimwe rakati sandara, zvichiita kuti akwanise kumhanya zvakatwasuka kudzivirira mhepo kana magasi kuti asaumbe pamusoro pepombi.

Zvisungo zvakarukwa, soketi yakasungirirwa, butt weld, uye compression connections

Nzira inoshandiswa kubatanidza chibatiso nepaipi yakakosha sechimiro chechibatiso. Mabhatani ane shinda, anowanzo kuve neNational Pipe Thread (NPT), anowanzoonekwa pamapaipi madiki (anowanzova masendimita maviri zvichidzika). Ari nyore kuisa nekuputsa asi anowanzo donha mvura munzvimbo dzine kuzununguka kwakanyanya kana tembiricha yepamusoro.

Zvishandiso zve socket weld zvinosanganisira kuisa pombi munzvimbo yakamanikana ye fitting uye kuisa fillet weld kutenderedza kunze. Izvi zvinopa joint yakasimba, isingadonhedze mvura kana tichienzanisa neshinda, dzinowanzo shandiswa mumitsara inosvika masendimita 1. Zvishandiso zve butt weld, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoda kuti pombi ne fitting zvive zvakanyatsonaka (kazhinji pa angle ye 37.5-degree) uye zvakasungirirwa kubva kumagumo kusvika kumagumo. Iyi ndiyo mwero wegoridhe we high-pressure, hombe-diameter piping (Schedule 10 kusvika 160) nekuti inopa kuyerera kwemukati kwakapfava uye kukwirira kwakanyanya kwechimiro.

Zvishandiso zvekudzvanyashandisa sisitimu yeferrule inoruma muchubhu kana nzungu yasimbiswa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa chete pamitsetse yemidziyo ine madziro matete, kazhinji 1 inch kana diki, zvichibvumira kuungana nekukurumidza pasina kudiwa kwemidziyo yekuwedera.

Kukwanisa kumanikidzwa uye kuenzanisa kuchena

Kusarudza pakati pemhando idzi kunoda kuenzana nezvinodiwa pakumanikidzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa nekucheneswa. Chisungo chine shinda chingave chakachipa uye chiri nyore, asi mipata midiki iri mushinda idzi misungo inozivikanwa zvikuru yebhakitiriya nezvinoparadza.

Sezvinoratidzwa netafura, masisitimu emaindasitiri ane simba guru anotsigira zvakanyanya ma socket nema butt welds, nepo mashandisirwo ehutsanana achideredza simba resimba guru kuti zvishandiso zve clamp fittings zvive nyore kucheneswa.

Maitiro ekuongorora fittings dzesimbi isina ngura

Kuongorora mapipi esimbi isingatsvi kunoda kutarisa kunze kunopenya uye kuongorora zvidimbu zvesimbi uye mativi. Chigadziko chinogona kutaridzika zvakanaka pasherufu, asi kana purogiramu yacho, alloy, kana kirasi yekumanikidza isingaenderane nezvinodiwa nesystem, inova mutoro wekukurumidza.

Mainjiniya nechikwata chekutenga zvinhu vanofanira kusanganisa zvinhu zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda anotarisirwa kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu izvi zvakachengeteka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinoreva kunyatsoteerera kusiyana kwemagiredhi, mitemo yekugadzira, uye mapepa anoratidza kuti chigadzirwa ichi ndicho chaizvo chiri kutaurwa nemugadziri.

Kusarudza simbi isina ngura 304 vs 316

Gakava riripo pakati pesimbi isingasvibi 304 ne316 ndiro sarudzo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi. Giredhi 304 rine 18% chromium uye 8% nickel, zvichiita kuti ive nzira yakanaka kwazvo yekushandisa mvura yakachena, zvivakwa zvemukati, uye makemikari asina kunyorova.

Giredhi 316 inotora chiyero ichocho uye inowedzera 2% kusvika 3% yemolybdenum. Kuwedzera kudiki ikoko kunowedzera zvakanyanya kuramba kwesimbi kuchlorides uye zvinonyungudutsa zvemaindasitiri. Kana pombi ichifamba pedyo negungwa, ichibata munyu unobvisa icing, kana inotakura makemikari anopisa, 316 ndiyo sarudzo yakajairika. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemolybdenum nenickel, fittings 316 dzinowanzo dhura 20% kusvika 30% kupfuura 304 dzadzo. Kutsanangura "L" variant (senge 316L) kwakakoshawo kune welded fittings, sezvo carbon content yakaderera (yakanyanya 0.03%) inodzivirira carbide precipitation panguva yewelding, zvichichengetedza ngura pajoints.

Zviyero, zvirongwa, makirasi ekumanikidzwa, uye zviyero

Zvigadziko zvinotongwa nematanho akasimba uye kumanikidzwa kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvinochinjika pasi rose. Zvigadziko zve weld zvinowanzoenderana neASME B16.9, iyo inosarudza zviyero zvese, kushivirira, uye ukobvu hwemadziro. Ukobvu hwemadziro hunoratidzwa ne "Schedule" pombi - saizi dzakajairika dzinosanganisira Schedule 10 (madziro matete, semuenzaniso, 0.109 inches yepombi ye 2-inch), Schedule 40 (yakajairwa, 0.237 inches), uye Schedule 80 (inorema zvakanyanya, 0.343 inches). Schedule yezvigadziko inofanira kuenderana chaizvo nepombi iri pedyo kudzivirira kuyerera kwakashata uye nzvimbo dzisina simba.

Zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa, zvinosanganisira mhando dzeweld dzakarukwa nesoketi, zvinowira pasi peASME B16.11 standard. Panzvimbo pemashejuli, izvi zvinoongororwa nemapoka ekumanikidza: 3000#, 6000#, uye 9000#. Kubatanidza 3000# kunowanzo batanidzwa nepaipi yeSchedule 80, nepo 6000# kupindirana neSchedule 160. Kushandisa makirasi nemashejuli asina kuenzana inzira inokurumidza kusvika pajoini rakaputika.

Tembiricha, kemesitiri yezvenhau, kupenya kwepamusoro, uye kurongeka kwekutevera

Kunyangwe alloy chaiyo uye purogiramu inogona kutadza kushanda kana zvimwe zvinhu zvikasatariswa. Kupisa kunoderedza zvakanyanya simba rekumanikidza resimbi isingatsvedzi. Semuenzaniso, 316 stainless fitting inorasikirwa neinenge 20% yesimba rayo rekumanikidza rinobvumirwa kana ichishanda pa400°F zvichienzaniswa netembiricha yemumba, uye inoda kusvika 40% pa800°F. Kemikari yepakati pechinhu ichi inotarisawo kupedzisa kwepamusoro kunodiwa; kupedzisa kwemaindasitiri kwakajairika kunowanzo bva paRa 3.2 kusvika 6.3 µm, nepo nzvimbo dzakaoma dzichikurudzira kuungana kwechiyero uye ngura munzvimbo.

Chekupedzisira, kurongeka kwekutevera hakugone kutaurwa nezvako mukushandiswa kwakakosha.kukodzera kwemhando yepamusoroinofanira kuuya neMaterial Test Report (MTR) inoenderana neEN 10204 3.1. Gwaro iri rinotsvaga kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo, richipa makemikari chaiwo uye mhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwemuchina kubva kugayo. Pasina MTR, fitting inenge iri simbi yakachekwa isingazivikanwe mumaziso evaongorori vemaindasitiri.

Maitiro ekuwana zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvesimbi isina ngura

Kutsvaga mapipi esimbi isina ngura kwave kuoma zvakanyanya mumusika wepasi rose. Musiyano unooneka pakati pemapipi emhando yepamusoro, anoenderana zvizere neasina mwero unowanzoonekwa nemaziso. Kuvimba chete neanopa mutengo wakaderera inzira ine njodzi kana kuvimbika kwemaitiro kuri panjodzi.

Kugadzira nzira yakasimba yekutsvaga zvinhu zvinoreva kuongorora zvese zvinotengeswa, kubva kugayo rinodurura simbi isina kugadzirwa kusvika kumutengesi anochengeta magokora nemateyi apera. Nzira yekukurumidza yekuwana zvinhu inodzivirira kunonoka kunodhura kwemapurojekiti uye kutadza kushanda zvakanaka mumunda.

Vagadziri, magayo, uye vatengesi vanokodzera

Danho rekutanga mukutsvaga zvinhu zvakachengeteka nderekugadzira Approved Manufacturer List (AML). Vatengi vane mukurumbira vanongogamuchira zvinhu zvinobva kuvagadziri vane ISO 9001 certifications inoshanda uye vane rekodhi yakasimbiswa muindasitiri chaiyo. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pezvigayo (zvinogadzira pombi isina kugadzirwa kana billet) nevagadziri vezvigadziro(izvo zvinogadzira, zvinokombamisa, uye zvinogadzira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira).

Vatengesi vanoitawo basa rakakosha. Mutengesi wechikamu chekutanga anoongorora vaanoshanda navo nguva nenguva uye anochengetedza nzira dzakasimba dzekuvanza zvinhu zvisingaenderane nezvinodiwa. Pakutsvaga zvinhu, bvunzai vatengesi nezvemaitiro avo ekukodzera vatengesi; kana vakatenga kubva kumusika wakavhurika vasina kuongorora kwakabva, njodzi yekuwana alloys dzakasanganiswa kana dzisina kuenzana inokwira zvakanyanya.

Kuongorora, magwaro, uye kuongororwa kwebvunzo

Kuvimba nemapepa acho kwakanaka, asi kuona kuti chigadzirwa chacho chakagadzirwa zvakanaka kuri nani.

Maitiro ekusarudza mafittings esimbi isina ngura akakodzera

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedziso dzakakosha uye chikonzero chekugadzirisa pombi dzesimbi dzisina ngura
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Zvishandiso zvepombi dzesimbi dzisina ngura zvinoshandiswa pai?

Zvinobatanidza, zvinotungamira, zvinopa bazi, kana kuderedza kutenderera kwepombi mumasisitimu ekubata mvura uku zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa, kuvhara, kuramba ngura, uye kuchengetedzeka kwesisitimu.

Ndedzipi mhando dzesimbi dzisina ngura dzinonyanya kushandiswa?

Mhando dzakajairika dzinosanganisira magokora, matinji, madhigirii, machinjiko, macoupling, ma unions, macaps, ma plugs, ma flanges, uye ma threaded kana welded fittings.

Ndingasarudza sei pombi yesimbi isina ngura yakakodzera?

Gadzirisa saizi yepombi, chiyero chekumanikidzwa, tembiricha, rudzi rwemvura, njodzi yekuora, nzira yekubatanidza, uye mitemo inoshanda muindasitiri.

Zvishandiso zvesimbi isina ngura zvakakodzera here kumasystem ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya?

Ehe, kana zvataurwa nemazvo. Masisitimu ane simba guru anogona kuda zvibatiso zvinorema pamadziro, mamakisi akakodzera esimbi, uye mareti akasimbiswa esimba rekushanda.

Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvisina ngura zvinosvika 316 zvinofanira kushandiswa riini?

Shandisa simbi isingasvibi 316 panzvimbo dzine chloride yakawanda, yemugungwa, yemakemikari, kana yakaoma uko kunodiwa kudzivirira ngura uye makomba zviri nani pane 304.