Zvishandiso zveMapombi eIndasitiri: Mhando, Zvishandiso & Mashandisirwo

Nhanganyaya

Kusarudza pombi yakakodzera kunokanganisa zvakawanda kupfuura kubatana kwemapombi. Mumaindasitiri, mafittings anosarudza mafambiro emvura, kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa, kushanda kwekuvhara, kuwanda kwekugadzirisa, uye kuchengetedzeka mumamiriro ekushanda akaomarara. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mhando huru dzefittings, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira, uye kuti sarudzo yega yega inokodzera kupi mumafekitori ekugadzira, maturusi, uye maindasitiri makuru. Pakupedzisira, unenge uine hurongwa hunoshanda hwekuenzanisa magokora, matiyi, zvinoderedza, zvinobatanidza, nezvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo zvichienderana nemamiriro ebasa, kuramba ngura, simba, uye zvinodiwa pakushandisa.

Nei Zvishandiso zveMapombi eIndasitiri Zvichikosha

Mapombi emumaindasitiri anoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha mukati memambure ekutakura mvura akaomarara. Basa rawo guru nderekubatanidza, kugumisa, kudzora, kana kushandura mafambiro emvura mumasisitimu emapaipi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pakugadzira petrochemical kusvika pakuchenesa mvura yemumaguta.

Tsanangudzo uye basa muhurongwa hwemapaipi

Zvishandiso zvinosanganisira chikamu chakakura chezvikamu—zvakadai semagokora, matiyi, zvinoderedza simba, uye mavharuvhu—zvinoshandura zvakananga mafambiro emvura. Mukufamba kwemapaipi eindasitiri kwemamita 1,000, kusvika ku30% yekuderera kwesimba rose kunogona kukonzerwa nekukweshana kunounzwa nezvishandiso. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwazvo pahukuru hwepombi, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwese.

Mhedzisiro pakuvimbika, kuchengetedzeka, uye nguva yekuzorora

Kusimba kwezvishandiso zvemagetsi kunoratidza muganhu wekuchengetedzwa kwebasa rese. Kukundikana kwezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvine simba guru kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura kwakaipisisa, zvichikonzera kuti zvinhu zvirasike zvine njodzi uye dzimire zvisina kurongwa. Ruzivo rweindasitiri runoratidza kuti kubuda kwemvura kwakabatana nezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvisina kunaka zvinokonzera 15% kusvika 20% yeutsi hunobuda mumakemikari, zvichiita kuti zvinodiwa zvakakodzera zvive zvakakosha pakutevedzera nharaunda, kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi, uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda.

Kufunga nezvemutengo uye kutenderera kwehupenyu

Kunyange zvazvo michina yekuisa zvinhu inogona kungomirira 10% kusvika 15% chete yemari yekutanga inoshandiswa mupurojekiti yakakura yekuisa zvinhu, haina simba rakawanda pakugadzirisa bhajeti rekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Kusarudza michina yekuisa zvinhu ine hupenyu hwekugadzira hwemakore makumi maviri pane imwe nzira yakaderera yemakore mashanu inogona kuderedza mari yekutsiva zvinhu ne60%. Kuverenga uku kunoratidza mitengo yekutsiva zvinhu zvakananga pamwe chete nevashandi, zvinodiwa pakuisa zvinhu panzvimbo, uye kurasikirwa nemari yekugadzira zvinhu ine chekuita nekuchinja kwezvivakwa kwakarongwa.

Mhando dzeIndustrial Pipe Fittings

Magadzirirwo ejometri uye mashandiro ekubatanidza echibatiso anosarudza kukodzera kwacho zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi, mamiriro ekubatanidza, uye nguva dzekugadzirisa.

Maumbirwo nemabasa akafanana ekugadzirisa

Chimiro chechinhu chinoisa mvura muchimiro chinotonga kuti mvura inofamba sei musystem. Magokora (anowanzogadzirwa mumakona e45° ne90°) anochinja nzira yekuyerera, ukuwo ma tees uye crossing flow streams achipatsanura kana kusanganisa flow streams. Zvinoderedza transition pipe diameters kudzora fluid velocity, zvichiuya mu concentric (symmetrical) uye eccentric (asymmetrical). Eccentric reducers dzakaiswa zvakananga mumitsetse yemvura yakatwasuka nedivi rakatsetseka rakasimudzwa kudzivirira air pocket kuumbwa, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza pombi yakagadzikana inosveta.

Nzira dzekubatanidza uye nguva yekushandisa

Nzira dzekubatanidzaraira kumhanya kwekubatanidza uye kushivirira kwakanyanya kumanikidzwa. Zvishandiso zvemabutt-weld zvinopa hunhu hwakanyanya hwepamusoro hwemitsetse ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (kazhinji inodarika 3,000 psi) asi zvinoda kuyedzwa kwewelding neX-ray zvine hunyanzvi. Zvishandiso zvesocket-weld zvinofarirwa pamapombi madiki ane bhora (pasi pe2 inches NPS) uko kupararira kweweld mukati kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa. Kubatanidza shinda (senge NPT kana BSPT) kunobvumira kubatanidzwa nekukurumidza mukushandiswa kushoma, kusiri kwekukosha, nepo kubatana kweflanged kuchibatsira kugadzirisa nguva nenguva uye kupatsanurwa nekukurumidza.

Kuenzanisa mhando nekubatana

Kusarudza mhando yakakodzera yekuisa zvinhu kunoda kuenzanisa zvakananga zvisingakwanisike pakugadzira, zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, uye zvinodiwa pakushanda.

Tafura 1: Kuenzanisa Nzira dzekubatanidza

Zvinhu zveIndustrial Pipe Fittings

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zviri muchikamu chimwe chete ndicho chinonyanya kukosha pakutsanangurazvigadziko zvemapaipi eindasitiriChiumbwa chakasarudzwa kana kuti polymer chinofanira kutsungirira kuumbwa kwemakemikari ari muchinhu chinobuda, tembiricha yekushanda, uye kumanikidzwa kwemukati pasina kukurumidza kuora.

Zvinhu zvakajairika uye mashandisirwo akajairika

Simbi yekabhoni (semuenzaniso, ASTM A234 WPB) ndiyo inoshandiswa muindasitiri, inofarirwa zvikuru munzvimbo dzisingaparadzi, dzine stress yakakura senge steam uye mvura. Simbi isina ngura (yakadai se304/304L uye 316/316L) inopa kudzivirira ngura; 316L ine 2% kusvika 3% molybdenum kudzivirira chloride pitting. Kune michina ine simba rakawanda, ma alloys ekunze akadai seHastelloy, Monel, kana Titanium anoiswa. Kusiyana neizvi,sarudzo dzisiri dzesimbizvakaita sePVC, CPVC, uye PTFE zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakuchena kwakanyanya uye acidic zvinoshanda patembiricha yakapoteredza kana kuti yakakwira zvine mwero.

Kuchinjana kwekupisa, ngura, uye kumanikidzwa

Mainjiniya anogara achienzanisa miganhu yekupisa, kuramba ngura, uye simba rekugadzira zvinhu richienzaniswa nebhajeti rekutenga. Semuenzaniso, nepo simbi yakajairwa yekabhoni ichirasikirwa nesimba guru rekudhonza pamusoro pe400°C (750°F), simbi dzesimbi dzakasanganiswa nechromium nemolybdenum (senge P11 kana P22) dzinochengetedza kugadzikana kwechimiro kusvika ku600°C (1,112°F). Zvisinei, kuwedzerwa kwesimbi idzi kunogona kuwedzera mitengo yezvinhu zvakabikwa ne150% kusvika 300% zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yakajairwa yekabhoni. Saizvozvowo, nepo mapurasitiki achidzivirira acid zvakanyanya, simba rawo rekubata kumanikidzwa rinoderera zvakanyanya sezvo tembiricha dziri kusvika 93°C (200°F).

Kuenzanisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu

Tafura inotevera inoratidza miganho yekushanda uye mamiriro ehupfumi ezvishandiso zvakafanana.

Tafura 2: Kuchinjana kweMashandiro Ezvinhu

Maitiro Ekusarudza uye Mashandisirwo

Kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yeinjiniya kunoita kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chichashanda zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akatarwa. Masangano epasi rose anopa hurongwa hunodzora saizi, hunhu hwezvinhu, uye mwero wekumanikidzwa nekupisa.

Zvinhu zvinosarudzwa zvinoenderana nekushandiswa

Hunhu hwemvura inotakurwa hunoratidza zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwayo uye pakugadzirwa kwayo. Matombo anokwesha mukuchera anoda zvinhu zvinorema pamadziro zvine machira anodzivirira kupera, nepo kushandiswa kwemishonga yekurapa kunoda simbi isina tsvina yakanyanya kuchena (UHP). Munzvimbo dzemishonga, mapurasitiki emukati memvura anofanira kupukutwa nemagetsi kusvika paavhareji yeroughness (Ra) ye15 microinches kana pasi kudzivirira kupinda kwebhakitiriya uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuchena kwakakwana.

Makodhi, zviyero, uye kuyera kumanikidzwa

Sangano reAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) rinogadza maframework ekutanga ehukuru uye kumanikidzwa anoshandiswa pasi rose. ASME B16.9 inovharazvigadziko zvekubatanidza mabuttwelding zvakagadzirwa nefekitori, nepo ASME B16.11 ichitonga mafittings akaumbwa (socket-welding uye threaded). Kuyera kwekumanikidzwa hakusi kwakakwana; semuenzaniso, Class 3000 forged fitting inoenderana nehukuru hwemadziro epombi yeSchedule 80, asi pressure yayo chaiyo inobvumidzwa kushanda (MAWP) inoderera zvakananga sezvo tembiricha dzekushanda dzichikwira. Saizvozvowo, maflanges anotongwa neASME B16.5 anoona simba rawo rekumanikidzwa richiderera zvakanyanya patembiricha yakakwira pakati peClass 150 neClass 2500.

Maitiro ekusarudza chigadziko chesimbi nhanho nhanho

Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu anotevera nzira yakatarwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakachengeteka uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Chekutanga, mainjiniya anotsanangura zvipingamupinyi zvemedia, zvinosanganisira makemikari, tembiricha yepamusoro yekushandisa, uye kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro. Chechipiri, purogiramu yepombi inodiwa (ukobvu hwemadziro) inoverengerwa zvichibva paMAWP. Chechitatu, kirasi yekubatanidza inoenderana uye mhando yekubatanidza zvinosarudzwa (semuenzaniso, Schedule 40 butt-weld kana Class 3000 threaded). Chekupedzisira, kuenderana kwezvinhu kunosimbiswa zvichienderana nematafura engura yeindasitiri, zvichiita kuti mvumo yekuora inotarisirwa irambe iri pasi pe0.1 mm pagore yehupenyu hwekushanda hwemakore makumi maviri.

Maitiro Ekuita Sarudzo Yekupedzisira Yekutenga

Kuchinja kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveinjiniya kuenda pakutenga zvinhu kunoda kuongorora chigadzirwa chaicho uye kuvimbika kwecheni yekugovera. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakwana nemasvomhu hakubatsiri kana mutengesi achipa zvinhu zvisingabvumirwe kana kuti akatadza kupa magwaro akakodzera esimbi.

Maitiro ekuongorora hunyanzvi uye kuwanikwa kwemari

Kuvimbiswa kwemhando yepamusoro ndiyo nzira huru yekutsvaga zvinhu. Vatengi vanofanira kuraira kuti Material Test Reports (MTRs) ienderane neEN 10204 Type 3.1 kuti vaone kuti makemikari akagadzirwa sei uye kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa sei. Uyezve, kugadzikana kwecheni yekugovera kunoda kuti mugadziri aongorore huwandu hweMinimum Order (MOQ) uye nguva yekuburitsa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa sei. Kune simbi dzakajairwa dzecarbon, nguva yekuburitsa zvinhu yakagadzirwa yemavhiki maviri kusvika mana ndiyo yakajairika, nepo simbi dzakagadzirwa nemaoko dzinogona kutora mavhiki gumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemana, zvichikanganisa hurongwa hweprojekiti kana dzikasawanikwa nekukurumidza. Mwero wekukanganisa unogamuchirika unofanirwa kutaurwa zvakanyanya muchibvumirano chikuru chebasa, uchitarisa pasi pe0.5% yezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvivakwa.

Ongororo yesarudzo yekupedzisira

Mapoka ekutenga zvinhu anofanira kushandisa matrix yekuongorora yakasimba vasati vapa odha yekutenga. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona kuti mutengesi ane ISO 9001 inoshanda uye zvitupa zveAPI kana ASME zvakakodzera. Zvinoda kutarisa magiredhi ezvinhu zvakataurwa, saizi, uye makirasi ekumanikidzwa zvichienderana nedhayagiramu yekutanga yepombi nemidziyo (P&ID). Pamusoro pezvo, vatengi vanofanirwa kusimbisa ruzivo rwezvekutakura, kusanganisira zviyero zvekurongedza (zvakadai sekudzivirira kwepurasitiki ekupedzisira kwezvishandiso zve beveled butt-weld kudzivirira kukuvara kwekufambisa) uye kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzekuongorora dzechitatu (TPI) panguva yekugadzira.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedziso dzakakosha uye chikonzero cheIndustrial Pipe Fittings
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndedzipi mhando dzemapombi emuindasitiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa?

Magokora anochinja gwara, matinji anopatsanura kana kusanganisa kuyerera, zvidzikisi zvinochinja saizi yepombi, uye mavharuvhu kana mapulagi anogumisa mitsetse. Sarudza zvichienderana nenzira yekuyerera, kumanikidzwa, uye zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa.

Ndeipi midziyo yakakodzera kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya kana kupisa kwakanyanya?

Simbi isina ngura isarudzo yakajairika yekudzivirira ngura uye kupisa. Kune michina yakaoma, simbisa giredhi chaiyo uye inoenderana nemvura yako, tembiricha, uye mamiriro ekumanikidzwa.

Ndirini pandinofanira kushandisa mabutt-weld panzvimbo pema thread fittings?

Shandisa butt-weld pamitsetse ine simba guru, inogara kwenguva refu, kana yakakosha. Shandisa tambo dzakagadzirwa neshinda pamichina midiki ine simba shoma uko kuisa nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosheswa.

Ndingasarudza sei chinhu chinoderedza mvura chakakodzera mutsetse wemvura wakataramuka?

Shandisa chinhu chinodzikisa mhepo chine divi rakati sandara mudenga kuderedza njodzi yekubuda kwemhepo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kusveta pombi kwakadzikama uye kuyerera kwemvura kwakapfava.

Ko nbfh-metal.com inogona kupa mhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza mapombi emuindasitiri here?

Ehe. nbfh-metal.com inopa michina yesimbi yeindasitiri pamwe nesarudzo dzekubatanidza dzakabatana. Enzanisa mhando yemidziyo nehukuru hwepombi yako, kirasi yekumanikidza, zvinhu, uye nzvimbo yebasa usati waodha.