Maitiro Ekusarudza Magetsi eSimbi Yakagadzikwa Zvishandiso Zvichienderana Nezvinodiwa

Nhanganyaya

Kusarudza ma "galvanized steel fittings" zvichienderana ne "standard" kunobatsira kuona kuti gokora rega rega, tee, coupling, uye union zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zve "mechanical, dimensional, and corrosion" zve "piping system". Mitemo inotsanangura zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita se "material grade", "wall thickness", "thread accuracy", "pressure rating", uye "zinc coating quality", zvese izvi zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka uye hupenyu hwe "service". Gwaro iri rinotsanangura maitiro ekuenzanisa ma "common specifications", kusimbisa kutevedzera mitemo, uye kudzivirira "mismatch" kana "low quality fittings" mumaindasitiri, mabhizinesi, uye mashandisirwo emagetsi. Nekunzwisisa zvinodzorwa ne "standard" yega yega, vatengi nemainjiniya vanogona kuita sarudzo dzakavimbika uye kuderedza njodzi dzekuisa, kugadzirisa, uye kukundikana.

Nei Mipimo Inokosha paMapombi eSimbi Akagadzika

Mapombi esimbi akagadzika anoshanda senhengo dzakakosha dzinobatanidza zvinhu mukutakura mvura negasi, zvichipa simba rakasimba remuchina pamwe nekudzivirira ngura. Kushandiswa kwe zinc coating, kunowanzoitwa kuburikidza nekupisa-kunyika, kunoita kuti simbi irambe yakasimba inodzivirira simbi kubva mukuoxidation. Zvisinei, kushanda uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvinhu izvi zvinoenderana nekutevedzera zvakasimba zvakagara zviripo.mitemo yekugadzira uye yezvinhu.

Pasina mitemo yakatarwa inodzora kuumbwa kwezvinhu, kushivirira kwehukuru hwazvo, uye ukobvu hwe galvanizing, kuvimbika kwesystem hakugone kuvimbiswa. Maitiro ekutanga eindasitiri anowanzo da ukobvu hwe zinc coating hunosvika 86 micrometers (µm) kuti zvikamu zve galvanized zvinopinzwa mukupisa zvive nechokwadi chekuti hupenyu hwebasa hwakakwana munzvimbo dzinodiwa mumaindasitiri. Kusarudza fittings ne standard hakusi kungotevedzera mitemo chete; ndiyo nzira huru yekuona kuti mashandiro emakanika anogona kufanotaurwa mumatanho akaomarara epombi.

Njodzi uye kuvimbika kwepurojekiti

Kusarudza zvigadziko zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba kunoderedza njodzi yepurojekiti nekuona kuti mashandiro akavimbika pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemagetsi nekupisa. Zvigadziko zvisina kurongeka zvinowanzoratidza ukobvu hwemadziro husingawirirani, maburi emukati, kana kusakwana kweshinda. Mumasisitimu anodedera zvakanyanya kana anochinja-chinja, zvikanganiso izvi zvekugadzira zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wekukundikana kukuru kana kubuda kwemvura neanopfuura 40%.

Kune masisitimu ekutengeserana nemaindasitiri anoshanda padanho repamusoro, senge 150 psi kana 300 psi, kushandisa mafittings anosangana zvakajeka nemazinga ekupisa kwemhepo akasarudzwa hazvigone kutaurirana. Maitiro ekuyedza akajairwa anoita kuti mafittings abudirire zvakanaka, achichengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye kudzivirira nguva inodhura yekushanda kwenzvimbo inokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemvura isingatarisirwi.

Kana kusarudza kwakavakirwa pamitemo kuchikosha zvikuru

Kunyatsotevedzera mitemo kunova chinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu, zvivakwa zvakakosha, uye mashandisirwo emaindasitiri ane mutoro mukuru. Semuenzaniso, masisitimu ekudzivirira moto ekutengeserana anotongwa neNFPA 13 anoda kuti zvese zvinosungirirwa nemagetsi zvive neUL listing uye mvumo yeFM, izvo zvinoda kuyedzwa kwakasimba kwe hydrostatic kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kudiki kunodarika kashanu chiyero chavo chekushanda.

Saizvozvowo, mukugoverwa kwemvura yemumaguta uye kugadzirwa kwemakemikari zvine simba, kutsanangura zvigadziko zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa kunoita kuti huremu hwezinc coating husvike padanho repamusoro rinodiwa kudzivirira kuparara kwechimiro nguva isati yakwana. Munzvimbo idzi, kutevedzera mitemo kunobatsira sisitimu kuwana hupenyu hwemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu pasina kuda kutsiviwa kwechikamu nguva isati yakwana.

Mitemo Yakakosha yeGarvanized Steel Pipe Fittings

Mamiriro epasi rose ezvikamu zvepombiinotongwa nemasangano makuru akati wandei ekuyera, rimwe nerimwe richitsanangura zvinodiwa zvehunhu hwesimbi, saizi, uye mhando dzeshinda. Kufamba nematanho aya kwakakosha kune mainjiniya nenyanzvi dzekutenga kuti vave nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa zvakanaka muhurongwa huripo kana hutsva hwakagadzirwa.

Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pemitemo yeAmerica, yeEurope, neyepasi rose kunodzivirira kusawirirana kunodhura panguva yekuisa uye kunovimbisa kuti magadzirirwo esimbi akasarudzwa achaita zvakachengeteka pasi pemitoro yakatarwa yekushanda.

Ongororo yeASTM, ASME, EN, ISO, uye BS

Masangano akasiyana edunhu anotonga zvinodiwa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi akarungwa. Mitemo yeASME neASTM ndiyo inonyanya kutungamirwa mumusika wekuNorth America, nepo mitemo yeEN, ISO, neBS yakawanda mumisika yeEurope nepasi rose.

Zvishandiso, saizi, uye kuenderana kweshinda

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakutevedzera mitemo yetsika ndeyekuenderana netambo. Masisitimu ekuNorth America anonyanya kushandisa tambo dzeNational Pipe Taper (NPT) dzinotongwa neASME B1.20.1, dzine kona yeshinda ine madhigirii makumi matanhatu. Kusiyana neizvi, masisitimu ekuEurope neepasi rose anowanzo shandisa tambo dzeBritish Standard Pipe Taper (BSPT) dzinotongwa neISO 7-1, idzo dzinoshandisa kona yeshinda ine madhigirii makumi mashanu nemashanu.

Kuedza kubatanidza NPT fitting nepombi yeBSPT—kana kuti zvinopesana—kunokonzera kusabatana kweshinda zvisina kunaka. Kunyangwe kana zvikamu zvacho zvichitanga kuita sezvinobatanidza, maangle akasiyana uye pitch zvinodzivirira kuvharwa kwakakodzera, zvichikonzera mukana wekudonha kwemvura inosvika 100% kana simba rekushanda richipfuura 50 psi. Mitemo yehukuru hwemadziro inorayirawo ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti fitting inogona kubata torque inoshandiswa panguva yekuisa pasina kutsemuka.

Maitiro ekufananidza zvinodiwa zvekuisa uye zvepombi

Kuti pave nehurongwa hwakabatana, mwero wekubatanidza simbi unoenderana nemwero wepombi yesimbi. Semuenzaniso, kana uchishandisa pombi yesimbi yesimbi yeASTM A53 standard weight (Schedule 40), mainjiniya anowanzo tsanangura ASME B16.3 Class 150 malleable iron fittings.

Pakushandisa pombi dzeSchedule 80 zvinorema, Class 300 fittings inodiwa kuchengetedza kusimba kwesimba rehurongwa. Kuenzanisa zviyero izvi kunoita kuti nzvimbo isina kusimba mu network yepombi isave iyo threaded joint, nokudaro ichichengetedza muganhu wekumanikidzwa wakafanana mu system yese yekutakura mvura.

Maitiro Ekuongorora Hunhu uye Kutevedzera Mutemo

Kuongorora kunaka uye kuenderana kwezvishandiso zvemapaipi esimbi zvakarukwa kunoda nzira yakarongeka yekusimbisa hunhu hwemuviri uye hunhu hwesimbi hwakanyorwa. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kutarisa zvinopfuura chitarisiko chepamusoro kuti asimbise kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemashandisirwo azvo.

Kuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro kunobatanidza kuongorora nemaziso, kusimbiswa kwemativi, uye kuongororwa kwemagwaro kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvichagara kwenguva refu pasina kukuvadzwa nekuora nekukurumidza kana kutadza kwemuchina.

Zviratidzo zvemhando yepamusoro zvekutarisa

Zviratidzo zvemhando yepamusoro zvinotanga nekusimba kwe galvanization. Zinc coating inofanira kugara iripo, yakafanana, uye isina mavanga matema, nzvimbo dzisina kuputirwa, kana zinc pooling yakawandisa (madonhwe) anogona kukanganisa shinda. Pa galvanizing inopisa, zviyero zvinowanzoda huremu hushoma hwe 610 g/m² kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kururama kwehukuru hwema "dimensional" kwakakoshawo. Kubatanidzwa kweshinda kunofanirwa kusimbiswa uchishandisa standardized plug and ring gauges, zvichiita kuti kushivirirana kurambe kuri mukati me +/- 1.5 turns kubva pa basic gauge notch. Uyezve, fittings dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoongororwa hydrostatic imwe neimwe pa "hydrostatic".nzvimbo yekugadzira, kazhinji kacho pa1.5 nguva yekumanikidzwa kwavo kwepamusoro-soro—sekuyedza fitting ye150 psi-rated pa225 psi—kuvimbisa kusimba kwechimiro.

Mamiriro ekushandisa uye zvinodiwa zvebasa

Kuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nebasa rekushandisa. Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvinonyungudika zvakagadzirwa nesimbi zvinowanzo ongororwa kuti zvirambe zvichishanda mukati mekupisa kuri pakati pe -20°C kusvika 200°C. Kupfuura miganhu iyi yekupisa kunogona kukanganisa kusimba kwesimbi kana kukurumidzisa kuora kwesimbi.

Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwemakemikari emvura inotakurwa hunoratidza zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Kunyange zvazvo magadziko emagetsi achibudirira mumvura inonwiwa uye mumhepo yakamanikidzwa, zinc coating yavo inoshanda zvakanyanya kune pH iri pasi pe6.0 kana kupfuura 10.5. Kuongorora mamiriro ebasa kunoita kuti chiyero chakatarwa chienderane nekumanikidzwa kwemakemikari nekupisa kuchasangana nechinhu chacho.

Magwaro anodiwa uye mishumo yebvunzo

Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi kunofanira kugara kuchitsigirwa nemagwaro anoteverwa.Vagadziri vane mukurumbiraipai Mill Test Reports (MTRs) kana EN 10204 Type 3.1 certificates nebhechi rega rega rezvishandiso. Magwaro aya anodzosera chigadzirwa kumashure kusvika pakupisa kwesimbi yekutanga uye anosimbisa kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye hunhu hwemakanika.

Mushumo wekuyedza unoenderana nezvinodiwa zvesimbi inonyungudika inofanira kusimbisa kuti huwandu hwekabhoni hunoramba huri pasi pe0.25% uye sarufa iri pasi pe0.05%, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvakapfava zvakakwana kuti zvikwanise kunyungudika kwemuchina pasina kupwanyika. Mishumo yekuyedza isipo kana isina kukwana chiratidzo chikuru chekugadzirwa kusina kunaka uye inofanira kubvisa mutengesi kubva pakusarudzwa.

Maitiro Akanakisisa Ekutsvaga Nekusarudza

Kutsvaga ma "galvanized steel fittings" kunoda kuyera hunyanzvi hwakasimba nehwemabhizinesi. Kugadzira hurongwa hwakasimba hwekutenga zvinhu kunosanganisira kuongorora kugona kwemutengesi, kunzwisisa zvirambidzo zvemarongero, uye kuita maitiro akaomarara ekubvumidza.

Nekuenzanisa nzira dzekutsvaga zvinhu nenzira yakarongeka uye kunzwisisa zvinokonzeresa mari inobatanidzwa nekurongedza nekutakura zvinhu, masangano anogona kuwana michina yemhando yepamusoro inoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi uku achigadzirisa mari yavo yese yekushandisa muzvitoro.

Enzanisa vatengesi vemuno nevekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika

Mapoka ekutenga zvinhu anotarisana nesarudzo huru pakati pekushandisa vatengesi vemuno kana kutsvaga zvakananga kubva kumafekitori ekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Vatengesi vemuno vanopa mukana wekuti nguva pfupi yekutumira zvinhu ipfupi—vanowanzoita maodha mukati memazuva matatu kusvika manomwe—uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwuripo. Zvisinei, mukana uyu unowanzo takura mutengo we20% kusvika 30%.

Kusiyana neizvi, kupinza zvinhu zvakananga kubva kune vagadziri vekunze kwenyika kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekutenga zvinhu, kunyanya kumapurojekiti ane huwandu hwakawanda. Kuchinjana uku kunosanganisira nguva yakareba yekutora zvinhu kubva pamazuva makumi mana nemashanu kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe uye kudiwa kwechirongwa chekusimbisa hunhu hwemukati chakasimba kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa zvinotevedzera zvinodiwa neASTM kana EN zvisati zvatumirwa.

Mutengo, kurongedza, uye zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinhu

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kurongedza zvinhu zvine basa guru pamutengo wekupedzisira wezvigadziko zvemagalasi. Kutsvaga zvinhu zvakananga mumigayo kunowanzoda Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) inotangira pa3 kusvika ku5 metric tonnes, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera chete pakuvaka kukuru kana kuchengetedza zvinhu kwenguva refu.

Maitiro ekurongedza anokanganisawo kunaka kwezvinhu kana zvasvika. Zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutumirwa mumabhokisi emapuranga anorema kana mapallet ane mapurasitiki anodzivirira ngura uye madhisiki ekubvisa ngura kudzivirira ngura chena paganda rezinc panguva yekufamba kwenguva refu mugungwa.

Maitiro ekutsanangura uye kubvumidza

Kuisa gwaro repamutemo uye nzira yekubvumidza kunodzivirira mutengi kubva pakugamuchira zvikamu zvisina kunaka. Kune zvibvumirano zvakakosha zvekutenga, kunyanya izvo zvinodarika $50,000 mumutengo, maitiro acho anofanira kutanga nepakeji yakazara yekutumira inosanganisiramapepa eruzivo rwehunyanzvi, MTRs, uye zvitupa zvekuyedzwa kwemurabhoritari zvakazvimiririra.

Vasati vazvipira kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, vatengi vanofanira kuda mienzaniso chaiyo kuti iongororwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kusaina chibvumirano nekambani yekuongorora yechitatu, yakaita seSGS kana TUV, kuti iite ongororo dzekutanga kutumira zvinhu pafekitori kunopa chikamu chakakosha chekuderedza njodzi, zvichiita kuti miganhu yekushivirira uye ukobvu hwegalvanizing huenderane nezvinodiwa.

Maitiro Ekuita Sarudzo Yekupedzisira

Kusarudza kwekupedzisira kwezvishandiso zvesimbi zvakarukwa kunoda kugadzira zviyero zvehunyanzvi, kuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro, uye zvirambidzo zvecheni yekugovera musarudzo yakabatana yekutenga.

Nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa nemazvo uye kugadzira matrix yesarudzo yakarongeka, mainjiniya nevatengi vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti system yakachengeteka, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.

Nzira dzekusarudza nekushandisa

Nzira yekusarudza yekupedzisira inosiyana zvichienderana nekukosha kwekushandiswa. Kune mapombi ane simba shoma, kudiridza, kana masisitimu emhepo akamanikidzwa, mafittings eClass 150 akajairika anoenderana neASME B16.3 kana EN 10242 anowanzo kukwana. Muzviitiko izvi, kutenga kunogona kugadzirisa mutengo uye kuwanikwa nekukurumidza, chero bedzi dzinc coating yekutanga uye zviyero zvehukuru zvikasangana.

Kusiyana neizvi, mashandisirwo akawanda emaindasitiri, mitsetse yemvura ine simba guru, kana masisitimu ane simba guru rekutepfenyura kwemuchina anoda nzira yakaoma. Mashandisirwo aya anorayira kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zveClass 300, achipa vagadziri vanoedza 100% non-destructive testing (NDT) uye vanopa kurongeka kwakazara kwezvinhu, kunyangwe zvichida nguva yakareba yekutungamira uye mari yakawanda yekutanga inoshandiswa.

Maitiro ekupedzisira ekusarudza

Sarudzo yekupedzisira inofanira kutungamirirwa ne matrix ine zviyero zvakayerwa kuti ibvise pfungwa dzemunhu kubva mukutenga. Matrix yakajairika inopa huremu hwe40% kune kutevedzera hunyanzvi uye mwero, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti kuchengetedzeka hakumbokanganisike.

Zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinowanzo patsanura 30% pamutengo wepasi rose, 20% pakuvimbika kwenguva yakatarwa uye mafambiro ebasa, uye 10% panhoroondo yemutengesi uye vimbiso. Nekushandisa nzira iyi yakarongeka, masangano anovimbisa kuti sarudzo yavo yekupedzisira yekubatanidza mapaipi esimbi akagadzirwa nesimbi inopa kushanda kwakanaka, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kukosha kwenguva refu.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Mhedziso dzakakosha uye chikonzero chekugadzirisa mapombi esimbi akagadzika
• Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
• Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeipi mwero wandinofanira kusarudza pakuisa mapaipi esimbi akarungwa?

Enzanisa sisitimu nemusika: ASME/ASTM yeNorth America, EN kana BS yeEurope, uye ISO yemapurojekiti epasi rose. Simbisa zvinodiwa neprojekiti usati wairaira.

Ndingaziva sei kana chinhu chakakodzera chinoenderana neshinda dzepombi yangu?

Tarisa tambo yakatarwa kutanga: NPT inotevera ASME B1.20.1, nepo BSPT inotevera ISO 7-1. Usazvisanganisa, nekuti zvinogona kunge zvichibuda kana paine kumanikidzwa.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zve galvanizing zvakakosha pakuenzanisa fittings?

Tarisa kuti hot-dip zinc coating inosangana neASTM A153 kana yakaenzana nayo. Chiyero chinoshanda chingangoita 86 µm kana 610 g/m² chekudzivirira ngura yakasimba.

Ndechipi chiyero chekumanikidzwa chandinofanira kutarisa pazvishandiso zvegalvanized?

Shandisa zvigadziko zvine mareti eClass 150 kana Class 300 akanyorwa zvakajeka, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwesisitimu yako. Reti yacho inofanira kuenderana nekumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwako uye tembiricha.

Ndingaona kupi ruzivo rwekutevedzera mitemo ndisati ndatenga kubva ku nbfh-metal.com?

Ongorora zvirevo zvechigadzirwa uye mapeji echitupa pa nbfh-metal.com. Simbisa zvinodiwa pachiyero chakanyorwa, rudzi rweshinda, kirasi yekumanikidza, uye zvinodiwa pakumonera usati waisa odha.